Nathaniel Hawthorne was a nineteenth-century American writer and diplomat. Born in Salem, Massachusetts – the town infamous for its execution of 19 people on allegations of witchcraft in 1692 – Hawthorne’s great-great-grandfather was actually one of the judges who condemned the accused. The guilt he felt over this had a profound influence on his writings, which include the novel The Scarlet Letter (1850) and the short story “The Birthmark” (1846).